Transfiguration is essentially the art of changing the properties of an object. You will cover topics such as "Switching Spells" (altering only a part of some object, such as giving a human rabbit's ears); Vanishing Spells (causing an object to completely disappear); and Conjuring Spells (creating objects out of thin air). It is possible to change inanimate objects into animate ones and vice versa.
Transfiguration is a theory-based subject, involving very complicated notes as well as practical. The only Transfiguration theory that is ever explicitly stated is "Gamp's Law of Elemental Transfiguration". This law, about which nothing is known, has five Principal Exceptions, one of which is food; this means that food cannot be produced out of thin air. Food can be moved from one place to another by magic, changed or increased in quantity, but not created out of nothing.